REACTION GUIDES

We tested the Superstable Pd(0) Catalyst in Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira reactions and in CH activation. We used class 2, class 3 and some specific alternative solvents. The efficiency of the SUPERSTABLE Pd(0) CATALYST depends on the temperature. The optimal temperature is generally between 90 and 130 ^oC. 

SUZUKI COUPLING

Solvent: 1,4-dioxane, DMF, DMSO, DMSO-H₂O (10:1), Ethylal, Glycerol-formal, n-BuOH, n-BuOH-H₂O (10:1), NMP, MEK-H₂O (10:1), MeOH-H₂O (10:1), Methylal, MIBK-H₂O (10:1)
Base: K₂CO₃, K₃PO₄, NaOtBu
Yield=66-97%; T=40-130 °C Highly efficient microwave-assisted Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides can achieved even in five minutes. 

HECK COUPLING

Solvent: DMF, Glycerol-formal, n-BuOH, NMP, MeOH-H₂O (10:1), MIBK
Base: K₂CO₃, K₃PO₄, TEA
Yield=38-96%; T=90-130 °C

SONOGASHIRA COUPLING

Copper free method!
Solvent: DMF, DMSO, Glycerol-formal, n-BuOH, MeOH-H₂O (5:1)
Base: K₂CO₃
Yield=66-87%; T=90-130 °C

CH ACTIVATION

Solvent: DMA
Base: K₂CO₃  Additive: 30 mol% PivOH
Yield=47-88%; T=130-140 °C